Racism
Then
Booklist by Topic
The Origins of Race and Racism
- Allen, T. W. (2022). The Invention of the White Race: The Origin of Racial Oppression. Verso.
- Back, L., & Solomos, J. (Eds.). (2022). Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader (3rd ed.). Routledge.
- Eliav-Feldon, M., Isaac, B., & Ziegler, J. (Eds.). (2013). The Origins of Racism in the West (paperback ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Fredrickson, G. (2015). Racism: A Short History (Princeton Classics ed.). Princeton University Press.
- Isaac, B. (2006). The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity. Princeton University Press.
- Jordan, W. D. (2012). White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (2nd ed.). University of North Carolina Press.
- Kendi, I. X. (2023). Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (rev. ed.). Bold Type Books.
- Kendi, I. X., & Blain, K. N. (Eds.). (2022). Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619-2019. One World.
- Roediger, D. R. (2010). How Race Survived U.S. History: From Settlement and Slavery to the Obama Phenomenon. Verso.
- Sjursen, D. (2021). A True History of the United States: Indigenous Genocide, Racialized Slavery, Hyper-Capitalism, Militarist Imperialism and Other Overlooked Aspects of American Exceptionalism. Steerforth Press.
- Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2018). Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview (4th ed.). Routledge.
- Sussman, R. W. (2016). The Myth of Race: The Troubling Persistence of an Unscientific Idea. Harvard University Press.
Classics on Racism and Slavery
- Douglass, F. (2021). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave. Mercer University Press. (Original work published 1845) [Free e-book version]
- Dubois, W. E. B. (2016). The Souls of Black Folk (Dover Thrift ed.). Dover Publications. (Original work published 1903)
- Griffin, J. H. (2023). Black Like Me. Berkley. (Original work published 1962)
- Jacobs, H. (2001). Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Dover Publications. (Original work published 1861)
- Northup, S. (2012). Twelve Years a Slave. Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1853)
- Still, W. (2019). The Underground Railroad Records: Narrating the Hardships, Hairbreadth Escapes, and Death Struggles of Slaves in Their Efforts for Freedom (Q. T. Mills, Ed.). Modern Library. (Original work published 1872)
- Stowe, H. B. (1983). Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Bantam Classics. (Original work published 1851–1852)
- Truth, S. (2023). Narrative of Sojourner Truth. SeaWolf Press. (Original work published 1850)
- Washington, B. T. (1995). Up From Slavery (Dover Thrift ed.). Dover Publications. (Original work published 1901)
History of U.S. Slavery
- Baumgartner, A. L. (2022). South to Freedom: Runaway Slaves to Mexico and the Road to the Civil War (trade paperback ed.). Basic Books.
- Blackmon, D. A. (2009). Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans From the Civil War to World War II. Vintage.
- Commander, M. D. (Ed.). (2021). Unsung: Unheralded Narratives of American Slavery & Abolition. Penguin Books.
- Finkelman, P. (2020). Defending Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Old South: A Brief History with Documents (2nd ed.). Bedford/St. Martin’s.
- Franklin, J. H. (2000). From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. Knopf.
- Genovese, E. D. (1976). Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. Vintage Books.
- Haley, A. (2014). Roots: The Saga of an American Family. Da Capo Press.
- Hannah-Jones, N., Roper, C., & Silverstein, J. (Eds.). (2021). The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story. One World.
- Harpham, J. S. (2025). The Intellectual Origins of American Slavery: English Ideas in the Early Modern Atlantic World. Harvard University Press.
- Kashatus, W. C. (2021). William Still: The Underground Railroad and the Angel at Philadelphia. University of Notre Dame Press.
- Kolchin, P. (2003). American Slavery: 1619-1877 (rev. ed.). Hill and Wang.
- Manegold, C. S. (2010). Ten Hills Farm: The Forgotten History of Slavery in the North. Princeton University Press.
- Morrison, T. (2004). Beloved (Vintage international ed.). Vintage Books.
- Rasmussen, D. (2011). American Uprising: The Untold Story of America’s Largest Slave Revolt. Harper Perennial.
- Reséndez, A. (2016). The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (2nd ed.). Mariner Books.
- Smith, C. (2022). How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America (paperback ed.). Back Bay Books.
- Smithers, G. D. (2012). Slave Breeding: Sex, Violence, and Memory in African American History. University Press of Florida.
- Spillman, S. (2025). Making Sense of Slavery: America’s Long Reckoning, from the Founding Era to Today. Basic Books.
- Tise, L. E. (1987). Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701-1840. University of Georgia Press.
- Whitehead, C. (2018). The Underground Railroad: A Novel. Vintage Books.
- Wills, S. (2019). Black Fortunes: The Story of the First Six African Americans Who Survived Slavery and Became Millionaires (paperback ed.). Amistad.
U.S. Presidents, Slavery, and Race
- Austin, A. (2015). America Is Not Post-Racial: Xenophobia, Islamophobia, Racism, and the 44th President. Praeger.
- Azari, J. R. (2025). Backlash Presidents: From Transformative to Reactionary Leaders in American History. Princeton University Press.
- Bicknell, C. B. (2025). The Pathfinder and the President: John C. Frémont, Abraham Lincoln, and the Battle for Emancipation. Stackpole Books.
- Davis, K. C. (2016). In the Shadow of Liberty: The Hidden History of Slavery, Four Presidents, and Five Black Lives. Henry Holt and Company.
- Dunbar, E. A. (2017). Never Caught: The Washingtons’ Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave. Simon & Schuster.
- Foner, E. (2011). The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (Norton paperback ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
- Gordon-Reed, A. (2009). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Hirschfeld, F. (1997). George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal. University of Missouri Press.
- Kimberley, M. (2020). Prejudential: Black America and the Presidents. Steerforth Press.
- Lusane, C. (2011). The Black History of the White House. City Lights Bookstore.
- O’Reilly, K. (1995). Nixon’s Piano: Presidents and Racial Politics from Washington to Clinton. Free Press.
- Sinkler, G. (1971). The Racial Attitudes of American Presidents, from Abraham Lincoln to Theodore Roosevelt. Doubleday.
- Tesler, M. (2016). Post-Racial or Most-Racial?: Race and Politics in the Obama Era. University of Chicago Press.
- Waldstreicher, D. (2004). Runaway America: Benjamin Franklin, Slavery, and the American Revolution. Hill and Wang.
- Wiencek, H. (2003). An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Wiencek, H. (2012). Master of the Mountain: Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Internment of Japanese Americans
- Abe, F., & Cheung, F. (Eds.). (2024). The Literature of Japanese American Incarceration. Penguin Books.
- Briones, M. M. (2012). Jim and Jap Crow: A Cultural History of 1940s Interracial America. Princeton University Press.
- Dower, J. W. (1986). War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. Pantheon Books.
- Grant, K. C. (2012). Silver Like Dust: One Family’s Story of America’s Japanese Internment. Pegasus Books.
- Gordon, L., & Okihiro, G. Y. (Eds.). (2006). Impounded: Dorothea Lange and the Censored Images of Japanese American Internment. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Gruenewald, M. M. (2005). Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps. NewSage Press.
- Harvey, R. (2024). Amache: The Story of Japanese Internment in Colorado During World War II. Filter Press.
- Houston, J. W., & Houston, J. D. (2023). Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience During and After the World War II Internment. Clarion Books. (Original work published 1973)
- Kamei, S. H. (2021). When Can We Go Back to America? Voices of Japanese American Incarceration During WWII. Simon & Schuster.
- Ng, W. (2002). Japanese American Internment During World War II: A History and Reference Guide. Greenwood Press.
- Robinson, G. (2001). By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans. Harvard University Press.
- Robinson, G. (2009). A Tragedy of Democracy: Japanese Confinement in North America. Columbia University Press.
- United States Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. (1997). Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Weglyn, M. N. (1996). Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America’s Concentration Camps (updated ed.). University of Washington Press.
Civil Rights Movement
- Brinkley, D. (2005). Rosa Parks: A Life. Penguin Books.
- Brown-Nagin, T. (2011). Courage to Dissent: Atlanta and the Long History of the Civil Rights Movement. Oxford University Press.
- Carson, C. (Ed.). (1991). The Eyes on the Prize: Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle, 1954-1990. Penguin Books.
- Greenberg, D. (2024). John Lewis: A Life. Simon & Schuster.
- Hampton, H. (1991). Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s Through the 1980s (Bantam trade paperback ed.). Bantam Books.
- Joseph, P. E. (2025). Freedom Season: How 1963 Transformed America’s Civil Rights Revolution. Basic Books.
- Kluger, R. (2004). Simple Justice: The History of Brown V. Board of Education and Black America’s Struggle for Equality. Vintage Books.
- Long, M. G. (Ed.). (2012). I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin’s Life in Letters. City Lights Publishers.
- Luxenberg, S. (2019). Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America’s Journey From Slavery to Segregation. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Malcolm X. (2015). The Autobiography of Malcolm X (mass market ed.). Ballantine Books. (Original work published 1964)
- McGuire, D. L. (2010). At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance—A New History of the Civil Rights Movement From Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power. Vintage Books.
- McKinstry, C. M. (2011). While the World Watched: A Birmingham Bombing Survivor Comes of Age During the Civil Rights Movement. Tyndale House Publishers.
- Moody, A. (1968). Coming of Age in Mississippi. Dial Press.
- Parks, R. (1992). Rosa Parks: My Story. Dial Books.
- Payne, L. & Payne, T. (2020). The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X. Liveright Publishing Corporation.
- Penningroth, D. C. (2023). Before the Movement: The Hidden History of Black Civil Rights. Liveright Publishing Corporation.
- Theoharis, J. (2025). King of the North: Martin Luther King Jr.’s Life of Struggle Outside the South. The New Press.
- Tubbs, A. M. (2021). The Three Mothers: How the Mothers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcom X, and James Baldwin Shaped a Nation. Flatiron Books.
- Walker, V. S. (2018). The Lost Education of Horace Tate: Uncovering the Hidden Heroes Who Fought for Justice in Schools. The New Press.
- Weiss, E. (2025). Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement. Simon & Schuster.
- Williams, J. (2013). Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965 (reprint ed.). Penguin Books.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
- Bakaya, S. (2019). Only in Darkness Can You See the Stars: Martin Luther King Jr. Vitasta Publishing Pvt Ltd.
- Eig, J. (2025). King: A Life. Picador.
- Jones, C. B., & Connelly, S. (2011). Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech That Transformed a Nation. Palgrave Macmillan.
- King, M. L., Jr. (1964). Why We Can’t Wait. Harper & Row.
- King, M. L., Jr. (1998). The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr (C. Carson, Ed.). Warner Books.
- King, M. L., Jr. (2010). Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? Beacon Press.
- King, M. L., Jr. (2022). I Have a Dream. HarperOne.
- Pepper, W. F. (2003). An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King. Verso.
- Risen, C. (2009). A Nation on Fire: America in the Wake of the King Assassination. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Sundquist, E. J. (2009). King’s Dream: The Legacy of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech. Yale University Press.
- Washington, J. M. (Ed.). (1986). A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. Harper & Row.
- Watkins, A. F. (2013). Martin Luther King Jr.: A King Family Tribute. Abrams.
Other Historical Topics on Race
- Acuña, R. (2011). Occupied America: A History of Chicanos (7th ed.). Longman.
- Berard, A. (2016). Water Tossing Boulders: How a Family of Chinese Immigrants Led the First Fight to Desegregate Schools in the Jim Crow South. Beacon Press.
- Burnham, M. A. (2022). By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Burkholder, Z. (2011). Color in the Classroom: How American Schools Taught Race, 1900-1954. Oxford University Press.
- Choy, C. C. (2022). Asian American Histories of the United States. Beacon Press.
- Ewing, E. L. (2025). Original Sins: The (Mis)education of Black and Native Children and the Construction of American Racism. One World.
- Gonzalez, J. (2022). Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America (2nd rev. and updated ed.). Penguin Books.
- Gray, F. D. (1998). The Tuskegee Syphilis Study: The Real Story and Beyond. NewSouth Books.
- Jones, J. H. (1993). Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (new and expanded). Free Press.
- Keevak, M. (2011). Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking. Princeton University Press.
- Lew-Williams, B. (2025). John Doe Chinaman: A Forgotten History of Chinese Life under American Racial Law. Belknap Press.
- Lukasik, G. (2017). White Like Her: My Family’s Story of Race and Racial Passing. Skyhorse Publishing.
- Luo, M. (2025). Strangers in the Land: Exclusion, Belonging, and the Epic Story of the Chinese in America. Doubleday.
- Richards, G. (2012). Race, Racism and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
- Rooks, N. M. (2025). Integrated: How American Schools Failed Black Children. Pantheon Books.
- Rothstein, R. (2017). The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Washington, H. A. (2006). Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present. Harlem Moon.
- Wilkerson, I. (2011). The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration. Vintage Books.
- Williams, G. H. (1996). Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy who Discovered He Was Black. Plume.
- Winston, A. S. (Ed.). (2003). Defining Difference: Race and Racism in the History of Psychology. American Psychological Association.
- Yacovone, D. (2023). Teaching White Supremacy: America’s Democratic Ordeal and the Forging of Our National Identity (First Vintage Books ed.). Vintage.
Scholarly Journals
Journals Focused Mainly on Slavery
Journals on Race and History
Magazines and E-Zines
- American Heritage (includes coverage of African American history and Civil War)
- America’s Civil War and Civil War Times (magazine archives from Historynet.com)
- Civil War Monitor (military, political, social, and economic perspectives)
- Monticello Magazine (has occasional articles on slavery at Monticello)
- National Geographic History (U.S. and world history magazine; also newsletter)
- Nikkei Heritage (quarterly magazine on Japanese-American history)
- North & South Magazine (official magazine of the Civil War Society)
- Smithsonian Magazine (often covers U.S. history)
- The Crisis (official publication of the NAACP)
- Transition: The Magazine of Africa and the Diaspora (Harvard University)
Other Publications
University Reports on Their Ties to Slavery
- Blight, D. W., with the Yale and Slavery Research Project. (2024). Yale and Slavery: A History. Yale University Press.
- Bogues, A., Cliatt, C., & Levy, A. (Eds.). (2021). Brown University’s Slavery and Justice Report With Commentary on Context and Impact (Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice, 2nd ed.). Brown University.
- George Mason University. (2017). Enslaved Children of George Mason.
- Presidential Committee on Harvard & the Legacy of Slavery. (2022). Harvard & the Legacy of Slavery. Harvard University.
- Princeton Theological Seminary. (2019, October). Princeton Seminary and Slavery: A Report of the Historical Audit Committee.
- Rice University. (2023, September). Final Report of the Task Force on Slavery, Segregation, and Racial Injustice.
- Sandweiss, M. A., & Hollander, C. (2024). Princeton and Slavery: Holding the Center. Princeton University.
- University of Virginia. (2018, July). President’s Commission on Slavery and the University (Report to President Teresa A. Sullivan).
- For additional reports, archives, and other initiatives, see Universities Studying Slavery (an international consortium)
Other Articles and Reports
- Benjamin, L. T., Jr., & Crouse, E. M. (2002). The American Psychological Association’s response to Brown v. Board of Education: The case of Kenneth B. Clark. American Psychologist, 57(1), 38-50.
- Equal Justice Initiative. (2017). Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror (3rd ed.).
- Herzig-Yoshinaga, A. (2009). Words Can Lie or Clarify: Terminology of the World War II Incarceration of Japanese Americans.
- Ross, J. R. (2023, July 9). The History of Lynching in Texas: A Dark Chapter. Texas State Historical Association.
- Savitt, T. L. (1982). The use of blacks for medical experimentation and demonstration in the Old South. Journal of Southern History, 48(3), 331-348.
- Swarns, R. L. (2016, December 18). Insurance policies on slaves: New York Life’s complicated past. New York Times.
Videos
The following videos relate to historical forms of racial prejudice and discrimination. To suggest other videos, please use our Contact Us page.
Martin Luther King: “I Have a Dream”
This video shows Martin Luther King, Jr.’s historic “I Have a Dream” speech in its entirety. Speaking on August 28, 1963, from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC, Dr. King describes his dream of a society in which people are judged by the content of their character rather than the color of their skin.
Japanese Relocation (U.S. government film)
This vintage U.S. government film claims that the forced internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was carried out with “real consideration for the people involved” and “special emphasis” on the care of Japanese-American children. The film is narrated by the Director of the War Relocation Authority, who says of the internment: “we are protecting ourselves without violating the principles of Christian decency.”
My Japan (U.S. government film)
This U.S. Treasury film was created to stimulate sales of war bonds during World War II. Shot as a fake Japanese documentary with actual scenes of graphic wartime violence, the film presents frightening racial stereotypes of Japanese people. “Human lives are cheap,” says the mock Japanese narrator. “Unlike you, we have no cowardly illusions about their value… By all means, come to my Japan, if you dare. And welcome! It is beautiful here — as beautiful as the sight of your blood on our bayonettes.” [Full film]
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
This clip commemorates Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her bus seat to a White passenger in Montgomery, Alabama, on December 1, 1955. The segment, excerpted from the award-winning Eyes on the Prize documentary, tells the story of Ms. Parks’ arrest and how it ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott. See also:
- Rosa Parks Interview (1956)
- Mighty Times (from Teaching Tolerance)
- The Rosa Parks Story (movie trailer)
Bull Connor: Segregation at All Costs
This documentary is about Bull Connor (1897-1973), a Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham, Alabama, who said of racial segregation: “I may not be able to [preserve] it, but I’ll die trying!” The video describes how Connor’s aggressive tactics backfired, leading to integration in Birmingham and an invigoration of the U.S. civil rights movement in the 1960s.
What About Prejudice? (a 1950s classroom film)
Produced for educators by McGraw-Hill in 1959, this film illustrates how much American race relations have changed since the early days of school integration. In the film, a group of White students begin to rethink their prejudices after realizing that they’ve been unfairly judging and stereotyping a student of color named Bruce Jones.
Additional Resources and Searchable Databases
Biography Channel videos:
- Harriet Tubman (7:27 minutes)
- Frederick Douglass (2:49 minutes)
- Nelson Mandela (6:50 minutes)
- Rosa Parks (4:41 minutes)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (4:48 minutes)
- Walter Cronkite announcing the death of MLK (3:11 minutes)
- Robert Kennedy announcing the death of MLK (4:47 minutes)
For other films, clips, and reviews, please see:
- Docuseek2 Film and Video Finder
- Video Librarian Online
- MediaRights: Media That Matters
- Internet Movie Database
- Rotten Tomatoes
Links
U.S. History and Prejudice
Slavery
- Anti-Slavery.org (world’s oldest international human rights group)
- Slavery in America (overview from History.com)
- Timeline of Slavery in America (from 1619 to 1865)
- SlaveVoyages.org (database of voyages that relocated more than 12 million people)
- Enslaved: Peoples of the Historic Slave Trade (hub that centers the lives of enslaved people)
- The 1619 Project (award-winning work from The New York Times Magazine)
- Slave Narratives (from the U.S. Library of Congress)
- Slave Insurance (from Encyclopedia Virginia)
- Slavery in the North (a state-by-state historical overview)
- Slavery in New York (landmark interactive exhibit)
- Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Resources (also offers Teaching Institute)
- Juneteenth (U.S. federal holiday celebrating the end of slavery)
Jim Crow
- Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia (at Ferris State University)
- Jim Crow Laws (sampler from the MLK National Historical Park)
- Freedom Riders (PBS documentary on how Jim Crow was challenged)
- Remembering Jim Crow (from American RadioWorks)
- Behind the Veil (interviews, photographs, and oral histories)
- African American Life During Jim Crow (University of Virginia)
Lynching in America
- An Outrage (documentary about lynching, along with teaching guide)
- History of Lynching in America (from the NAACP)
- The NAACP’s Anti-Lynching Campaign (3-minute PBS documentary)
- Lynching in the United States (Wikipedia page; warning: graphic)
- Maryland Lynching Memorial Project (telling the truth about racial terrorism)
Internment of Japanese Americans
- Japanese American Confinement (U.S. National Park Service)
- Japanese-American Incarceration During World War II (National Archives)
- Densho (preserving Japanese American stories of the past)
- Japanese Internment (San Francisco Digital History Archive)
- Manzanar National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
- Heart Mountain (WWII Japanese American confinement site)
- Star Trek’s George Takei on Growing Up in an Internment Camp (BBC)
- Trump Holding Immigrants in Former Japanese Camp (USA Today)
- National Japanese American Historical Society (nonprofit)
- Japanese American National Museum (archive of history and culture)
Operation Wetback
- Operation Wetback: The Roots of Immigrant Deportations Today (video)
- Operation Wetback: The Blueprint of Trump’s Deportation Plan (60 Minutes)
- Operation Wetback (from the Handbook of Texas Online)
- Operation Wetback: A Mass Deportation of Mexican Immigrants (Latinx History)
- Etymology and Meaning of the Term “Wetback” (Wikipedia page)
The Struggle for Civil Rights
U.S. Civil Rights Movement
- National Civil Rights Museum (in Memphis, Tennessee)
- Civil Rights Digital Library (University of Georgia)
- Birmingham Civil Rights Institute (physical and online exhibits)
- Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Movement (PBS series)
- Japanese American Citizens League (oldest Asian American civil rights group)
- We Shall Overcome: Travel Places of the Civil Rights Movement (NPS)
- Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
- Greensboro Sit-In Helps Launch a Civil Rights Movement (multimedia)
Rosa Parks
- Rosa Parks (Wikipedia biography)
- Rosa Parks Library and Museum (Troy University)
- Rosa & Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development (education focus)
- Rosa Parks Scholarship Foundation (college scholarships)
- Beyond the Bus Boycott (teaching resources from National Women’s History Museum)
- Rosa Parks Book List (U.S. Library of Congress)
- Rosa Parks (overview of civil rights activism from the NAACP)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (Wikipedia biography)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change (in Atlanta)
- Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (in Washington, D.C.)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Park (U.S. National Park Service)
- The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 (awarded to Martin Luther King, Jr.)
- MLK Day (only U.S. federal holiday designated as a national day of service)
Other Websites on Historic Racism
- National Underground Railroad Freedom Center (located in Ohio)
- National Museum of African American History (U.S. government museum)
- BlackPast.org (more than 10,000 pages, including teaching resources)
- Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
- The Chinese Exclusion Act (PBS documentary)
- History News Network (putting current events into historical perspective)